高等级公路长隧道火灾特点及消防设计初探

从隧道火灾和高等级公路长隧道的建筑、地理、车行等方面，分析了高等级公路长隧道的火灾特点，对高等级公路长隧道的消防设计进行了初步探讨。     

关于消防水箱设计的探讨

阐述了在自动喷水灭火临时高压给水系统中,如何确定消防水箱的设置高度,探讨了根据不同组合设置,如何合理可靠的设置消防水箱的补水与水位监视报警信号,以做好消防水箱的设计工作。     

兰州都市圈现代化水平综合评价研究

从现代化内涵和特征出发,结合区域经济社会发展状况,本文提出了兰州都市圈现代化评价指标体系。在此基础上,首先研究都市圈的现代化发展进程并分析其现代化整体水平;然后,运用主成分分析法对都市圈内12个城镇的现代化水平进行差异性评价,以此反映都市圈内各城镇的现代化水平发展状况。最后,本文对评价结果进行了总结并提出了相应的对策建议。     

建筑防火技术在民用建筑设计中的综合运用

结合民用建筑防火设计实践，从建筑的平面布局和布置方法、防火防烟的分区、安全疏散问题、装修材料的选择等方面论述了建筑防火技术，从而提高建筑物的防火设计水平，减少火灾的发生。     

错层住宅设计的探讨

阐述了错层住宅是人们居住条件改善后的时尚房型,分析了错层住宅的利与弊,提出了错层住宅设计时应注意的问题,指出住宅设计还需不断地完善和提高。     

城市地下商场声环境调查评价

本文在城市地下建筑声环境调查的基础上，就我国南北几个城市地下商业建筑声环境状况进行分析和评价，并提出城市人防地下商场声环境评价标准和处理建议。     

城市社区改造走向与方法探讨——以湖南省化工机械厂社区调查为例

在中国城市迅速发展过程中，我们试图通过调查中国当今城市社区的典型状况，探讨科学及可行的方法以指导未来城市社区的改造。从经济效益、社会效益以及建筑学等多方位的角度考虑城市社区今后改造的走向、定位和发展。     

应力水平对结构性软黏土静力和动力变形特性影响的试验研究

采用原状和重塑软黏土样进行测量剪切波速的压缩试验及循环三轴试验，结果表明：在静荷载作用下，原状软黏土的变形特性随应力水平变化均可分为3个阶段，这3个阶段以先期固结应力和结构届服应力为分界点，利用剪切波速可简单、方便地判定出这2个关键应力值；重塑软黏土的变形规律与应力水平无关。对土体施加循环荷载时，两种土在不同固结应力下的应变一振次关系曲线上均存在着一个转折点，施加的动应力幅值小同，转折点应变也不相同，但该应变与相应的破坏振次呈线性关系。对于原状软黏土样，其转折点应变破坏振次关系分3个阶段变化，且与压缩试验的3个阶段具有良好的对应关系；对于重塑软黏士样，其线性关系基本不随应力水平变化而变化：当原状土结构破坏后，两种土样的变形规律趋于一致。     

Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially POPs categorized as organohalogen contaminants (OHCs). OHCs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. For example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated PCBs, DDTs and CHLs) and emerging (e.g., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) found in Arctic biota and humans. Of high concern are the potential biological effects of these contaminants in exposed Arctic wildlife and fish. As concluded in the last review in 2004 for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) on the effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife, prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological effects in relation to OHC exposure, and attempts to assess known tissue/body compartment concentration data in the context of possible threshold levels of effects to evaluate the risks. This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds (e.g., glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), polar (Arctic) fox (Vulpes lagopus), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), as well as semi-captive studies on sled dogs (Canis familiaris). Regardless, there remains a dearth of data on true contaminant exposure, cause-effect relationships with respect to these contaminant exposures in Arctic wildlife and fish. Indications of exposure effects are largely based on correlations between biomarker endpoints (e.g., biochemical processes related to the immune and endocrine system, pathological changes in tissues and reproduction and development) and tissue residue levels of OHCs (e.g., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, PBDEs and in a few cases perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs)). Some exceptions include semi-field studies on comparative contaminant effects of control and exposed cohorts of captive Greenland sled dogs, and performance studies mimicking environmentally relevant PCB concentrations in Arctic charr. Recent tissue concentrations in several arctic marine mammal species and populations exceed a general threshold level of concern of 1 part-per-million (ppm), but a clear evidence of a POP/OHC-related stress in these populations remains to be confirmed. There remains minimal evidence that OHCs are having widespread effects on the health of Arctic organisms, with the possible exception of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears and Svalbard glaucous gulls. However, the true (if any real) effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife have to be put into the context of other environmental, ecological and physiological stressors (both anthropogenic and natural) that render an overall complex picture. For instance, seasonal changes in food intake and corresponding cycles of fattening and emaciation seen in Arctic animals can modify contaminant tissue distribution and toxicokinetics (contaminant deposition, metabolism and depuration). Also, other factors, including impact of climate change (seasonal ice and temperature changes, and connection to food web changes, nutrition, etc. in exposed biota), disease, species invasion and the connection to disease resistance will impact toxicant exposure. Overall, further research and better understanding of POP/OHC impact on animal performance in Arctic biota are recommended. Regardless, it could be argued that Arctic wildlife and fish at the highest potential risk of POP/OHC exposure and mediated effects are East Greenland, Svalbard and (West and South) Hudson Bay polar bears, Alaskan and Northern Norway killer whales, several species of gulls and other seabirds from the Svalbard area, Northern Norway, East Greenland, the Kara Sea and/or the Canadian central high Arctic, East Greenland ringed seal and a few populations of Arctic charr and Greenland shark.     

户式燃气空调的热力学分析

运用热力学第一定律、第二定律和能级分析理论，对户式燃气空调各种工况下的一次能源利用系数、炯效率和能级差进行分析，并与几种常用的方式进行对比。评价了户式燃气空调用能的合理性，指出了应辩证地对待户式燃气空调的发展问题。